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Broad Ethical Issues Faced by Engineers by Jacob Gan

Engineering is a profession

A profession is a learned position needing systematic familiarization and preparation as well as a responsibility to a social good. Engineering is the imaginative work of applying technical know-how for the use of all human beings and therefore is a profession.

The application of technological advancement includes the sense of obligation to provide high-value products and services. This sense of duty also has to regard creating a reasonable impact on society and the quality of life. Because engineering is a profession, engineers must keep in mind the impact of their designs.

Ethical standards

Ethic is usually expressed as “pertaining to virtue” and ethical as “in accordance with the convention or principles for befitting conduct or practice, especially the standards of a profession.” As moral values may be influenced by the values of the society, each profession therefore has to establish its own set of standard rules so that there is a well-recognized consensus of what practices are acceptable and what are not. In this way, not only the members of the profession know which actions are worthwhile, others outside the profession will be able to know what to expect from the profession too.

Shortfalls of ethical standards

However, it is not practical to provide rulings to cater to all settings. Therefore, there are circumstances when they are shades of gray with no lone correct answer. In such quandary, engineers must look for their best personal solutions. Many alternatives will have similarly significant results. Certain interest groups are influenced differently and to different levels.

Solutions to ethical situations are seldom uncomplicated issues. In making decisions when ethical dilemmas arise, engineers need to be sensitive to how their decisions will hit certain groups. What may make the pick making extra hard is that the choices that are more ethical may put the engineers themselves, or their employer, at a great disadvantageous position.

An ethical dilemama situation

We shall make plain the tight spots often encountered by engineers by refering to the talked-about Challenger shuttle disaster case.

In order for the shuttle to have adequate velocity to escape from the gravitational pull to reach the orbit, the space shuttle’s own rockets are enhanced by two booster rockets that use solid fuel. These booster rockets were made by Morton Thiokol. Because of the cold environment expected at the launch of the shuttle, a teleconference was held the night before the launch between NASA officials and Thiokol managers and engineers. We can deem that all the representatives were either engineers or familiar with space science.

The initial recommendation by Thiokol was not to launch the space craft until the temperature had risen to a sufficiently high level so that the O-rings would be able to perform the sealing effect. However, as a result of the displeasure by NASA representatives over the recommendation, it was changed to launch recommendation. Unfortunately, the shuttle exploded soon after launch.

Let us ponder the tight spots encountered by each of these three groups in this case:

Group 1 – NASA Representatives
Group 2 – Thiokol Managers
Group 3 – Thiokol Engineers

Dilemma of NASA representatives

The NASA managers were under the high pressure to launch the shuttle as a consequence of a few reasons. Further delay in the launch would hit the launches of subsequent missions. Delay in the launch would attract more cost and made the shuttle project less economically profitable. The lauch date was critical as President Reagan would be making the State of the Union address as the space craft was in orbit. Besides, he was going to highlight the issues that centered about education, and what better time for the president to talk about education than when a teacher was in orbit?

In any event, NASA managers were not supplied with sufficient verification to conclude that the launch would be unsafe as a result of cold condition. Also, they did specify the perfromance of the booster rockets even at a cold environment, although not as low as what was expected at the time of the launch.

Dilemma of Thiokol representatives

Insisting on the no-launch recommendation would antangonize the company’s rapport with NASA officers and affects their prospect for further business dealings. In addition, their engineers could only provide circumstantial evidence of the danger of low temperature on the perfromance of the O-rings but it was not very absolute.

Dilemma faced by thiokol engineers

Although they were aware of the unsatisfactory performance of the O-rings at cold temperature, they did not have sufficient time to prepare a very convincing case. Although they expressed strong unhappiness to the change in the recommendation from no-launch to launch, they were over-ruled.

Important lessons

The pictures of a situation depend to a large extent on the position a professional is in. In particular, a young professional is usually very disquieted with the techical problems although as he moves up the organizational ladder, he becomes more and more disturbed with the business problems of the organization. When we teach engineering ethics, we have to review the apprehension encountered by engineers at different levels of their professional lives.

Jacob Gan PhD (Michigan) writes for www.succezz.com, www.JacobGan.com, www.JacobEducation.com, www.DemystifyCancer.com, www.understanding-orchids.com, www.motivate2success.com, www.JacobLearning.com and hosts Jacob.TheeLearningcentre.com, an elearning portal.

Article Source: http://www.earticlesonline.com/Article/Broad-Ethical-Issues-Faced-by-Engineers/355474

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